Gasesous exchange is a biological process through which different gases are transferred in opposite directions across a specialised respiratory surface. . It is linked with respiration in animals, and both respiration and photosynthesis in plants
The leaves and young stems of plants have openings in the epidermis controlled by guard cells. The openings are called stomata. Carbon dioxide from the atmosphere will diffuse through the stomata and oxygen diffuses out into the air. Gas exchange will occur through the epidermal layers of the young roots. Oxygen from the soil will diffuse into the cells while carbon dioxide diffuses out of the cells into the soil.